Spontaneous and Fungicide-Induced Genomic Variation in <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>

Stress from exposure to sublethal fungicide doses may cause genomic instability in fungal plant pathogens, which accelerate the emergence of resistance or other adaptive traits. In a previous study, five strains Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were exposed four fungicides with different modes action, and genotyping showed that such induced mutations. The goal present study was characterize genome-wide mutations response stress S. effect background on mutational repertoire. objectives determine dose mutation frequency/type, distribution mutations, fitness costs. Fifty-five genomes sequenced aligned reference genome. Variants called quality filtered obtain high confidence calls for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions/deletions (INDELs), copy number variants, transposable element (TE) insertions. Results suggest significantly increased frequency INDELs two one (P value ? 0.05), while TE insertions generally repressed all backgrounds under exposures. and/or SNPs, INDELs, varied background. A propensity large duplications chromosome 7 aneuploidy this observed Mutation accumulation did not affect overall planta strain aggressiveness &gt; 0.05). Understanding factors pathogen rates can inform disease management strategies delay evolution.